Universal Accounts
Last updated
Last updated
Particle Network's flagship product, Universal Accounts, enable true chain abstraction by providing users with a single address, balance, and interaction point for the multi-chain Web3 ecosystem. This removes the need for manual bridging or multi-chain wallet/asset management.
Users leveraging a Universal Account maintain one balance and account state across every blockchain. This presents a unified UX, agnostic to any specific blockchain.
On a technical level, Universal Accounts are specialized ERC-4337 Smart Account implementations deployed and coordinated across chains by the Particle Chain.
Protocols implementing Particle's Universal SDK will assign or resolve a Universal Account attached to a given EOA address, retrieved either via social logins with Particle Network's Modular Smart Wallet-as-a-Service or by connecting a typical Web3 wallet. This account will then be used as the core interface to interact with the dApp, as well as any other application leveraging Universal Accounts.
Particle Network's Universal Liquidity technology is the foundation of Universal Accounts. It coordinates cross-chain transactions atomically on a per-transaction basis, unifying a user's balance.
Universal Liquidity refers to the aggregation of balances across all chains. It is directly driven by atomic cross-chain transactions and swaps coordinated by the Particle Chain. Particle's Decentralized Messaging Network is used to optimistically execute multi-chain transactions on a per-interaction basis, atomically routing liquidity across chains to achieve a goal specified through Particle Network's Universal SDK.
For example, if a given user has 1 ETH worth of MATIC on Polygon, but is executing a transaction requiring 1 ETH on Optimism, Particle Network will route and execute a cross-chain transaction through the initial signature provided for their intended interaction. This allows value to quickly be moved from Polygon to Optimism and used for the action in question, creating the user experience of a singular balance spanning all blockchains.
Given the unification of balances across chains through Universal Liquidity, Particle Network also solves the fragmentation of expected gas tokens, providing a cohesive experience.
Historically, maintaining gas fee balances across chains has been a significant friction point for users. Particle Network, through the usage of its native Paymaster, allows users to pay for gas fees using any token, regardless of the chain from which this token originates. This makes interactions easier, reducing the number of assets users need to execute transactions across the ecosystem. All transactions will ultimately settle on the Particle Chain through $PARTI.
